1.
What are bits?
In the world of computers smallest unit for measuring data is called as a bit. A bit can either take value 0 or 1.
2.
What is a Byte?
8 bits make a byte.
3.
How is range for a variable calculated?
2(n-1) is the formula used for calculating range. n is the bits defined for a variable type. And range would be from -2 (n-1) to (2 (n-1)) -1 . For example Int – 32 bits, range for Int would be -2(32-1) to (2(32-1)) -1.
4.
What are binary numbers?
Numbers represented using the digits 0 and 1 are called Binary numbers. Ex: 01101
5.
What are hexadecimal numbers?
Numbers represented using 16 symbols 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F are called as Hexadecimal numbers. Ex: 0x11
6.
What are octal numbers?
Numbers represented using digits 0 to 7 are called as Octal numbers.
7.
Operators in kotlin?
1. Mathematical operators
Symbols used :
( + ) —> Used for addition
( – ) —> Used for subtraction
( * ) —> Used for multiplication
( / ) —> Used for division
( % ) —> Used for modulus
2. Increment decrement operators
Symbols used :
( ++ ) —> Used for incrementing
( – – ) —> Used for decrementing
3. Bitwise operators
Symbols used :
( && ) —> Used for and operation
( || ) —> Used for or operation
( ! ) —> Used for not operation
4. Comparison operators
Symbols used :
( > ) —> Used for greater than
( >= ) —> Used for greater than or equal to
( < ) —> Used for less than
( <= ) —> Used for less than or equal to
5. Assignment operator
Symbols used :
( = ) —> Used for assigning default value
6. Augmented assignment operators
Symbols used :
( += ) —> Used for adding and assigning
( -= ) —> Used for subtracting and assigning
( *= ) —> Used for multiplying and assigning
( /= ) —> Used for dividing and assigning
( %= ) —> Used for finding modulus and assigning
7. Equality operators
Symbols used :
( == ) —> Used for checking equals
( != ) —> Used for checking not equals
8. Referential equality operators
Symbols used :
( === ) —> Used for checking equals
( !== ) —> Used for checking not equals
9. Index access operator
Symbols used :
( [ ] ) —> Used for accessing index
10. Range operator
Symbols used :
( .. ) —> Used for mentioning range
11. Name and type separating operator
Symbols used :
( : ) —> Used for separating the name and type while declaring
12. Null check operators
Symbols used :
( !! ) —> Used for asserting expression is not null
( ?. ) —> Used for specifying, access method or property only if the receiver is non-null
( ?: ) —> ( elvis operator ) Used for deciding which value to take, takes the right-hand value if the left-hand value is null
( ? ) —> Used for marking a type as nullable
13. Some others
Symbols used :
( :: ) —> Used for creating reference to class or member
( -> ) —> Used for separating parameter and body, parameter and return type, condition and body
( @ ) —> Used for annotation
( ; ) —> Used for separating multiple statements used in a same line
( $ ) —> Used for referencing a variable in string template
( _ ) —> Used for substituting unused parameter
( * ) —> Used for passing array as a parameter